一、动词（Verbs)
1.动词-ing 形式（The -ing form)
动词 -ing 形式由动词原形+ -ing 构成。动词的-ing形式，能在句中担
任主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独构成谓语。
动词 -ing 形式作主语和宾语的用法
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用法
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例句
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| 主语 | 1) Collecting information is very important to businessmen.
2)Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. 3)Seeing is believing. |
| 宾语 | 1)He finished reading the book yesterday.
2)I enjoy learning English. 3)Tom is thinking of looking for a new job. |
2.过去分词（The Past Participle)
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。
过去分词的用法
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用法
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例句
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| 定语
过去分词如单用，一般放在名词的前面；如是分词短语，要放在名词的后面。 |
1)Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.
2)We were given printed question papers. 3)This is one of the houses built last year. 4)The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies. |
| 表语 | 1)The cup is broken.
2)You shouldn't try to stand up if you are badly hurt. |
| 宾语补足语 | 1)He's going to have his hair cut.
2)I must get my bike repaired. 3)She had her foot injured in the fall. |
3.动词不定式（The Infinitive)
动词不定式的用法曾在初中第三册教科书中作过小结。这里补充说明不定式在句子中的用法。
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用法
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例句
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主语
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1)It's a great pleasure to see you again.
2)It is bad manners to stare at a foreign guest. 3)To make a plan first is a good idea. |
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表语
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1)This suit doesn't seem to fit me.
2)His wish was to become a scientist. 3)To the doctor, the most important thing is to save people's lives. |
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定语
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1)She did not have much money to spend.
2)The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops. 3)He was very busy and had no time to visit his friends. |
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状语
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1)He stopped to have a rest.
2)To search for gold, many people went to California. 3)We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity. 4)I often read China Daily so as to improve my reading. |
4.情态动词（Modal Verbs)
高中英语第一册（下）就情态动词的用法作过小结，现补充说明ought的用法。
6）ought
ought无人称或时态的变化，后面跟带to 的动词不定式。ought to 表示
义务，要求或劝告，常译作“应该”等（和should差不多，只是口气稍
重一些）；有时表示非常可能的意思。否定式为ought not to
(oughtn't to),疑问式为Ought I/you to...?
You ought to start at once.
Such things ought not to be done.
——Ought he to go?
——Yes, he ought to.
If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.
